Allergy diagnosis and management are based on knowing the allergenic molecules in the allergenic sources to which a patient is exposed and sensitized. The EAACI Task Force Allergen Nomenclature, an IUIS-EAACI-AAAAI group, develops the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature. Its database is an open, curated international reference source for molecules characterized as allergens. We hypothesize that the nature of recently added allergens reflects the changing environmental exposure.

Each allergen candidate submitted via a standardized form (https://allergen.org/submission.php) was peer-reviewed by two members. Allergen candidates fulfilling the criteria of exposomic relevance, identification in the allergen source, and patients' IgE binding were accepted. Recent additions were scrutinized with regard to taxonomy, biological function, biochemical family, and geographical distribution.

The number of allergens from house dust mites increased by 7%, with 9 new proteins identified. Six were derived from Blomia tropicalis, preferentially found in tropical latitudes, and three from Dermatophagoides farinae, including Der f 42, a Na/K-exchanging-ATPase-β-subunit, which is the founding member of a new allergenic protein family. D. farinae is better equipped to survive in higher temperatures and drought compared to D. pteronyssinus, which increases the clinical and diagnostic significance of its allergens as climate change progresses. The non-specific lipid transfer protein Bro p 3 was the first identified pollen allergen of paper mulberry, a subtropical species spreading to temperate regions. New food allergens included species spreading both geographically and/or in terms of their consumption: the first identified allergen from ginseng (Pana g 1, a PR-10 protein) and the crab allergens Para c 11 (mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase) from the highly invasive red king crab, Cha f 10 (fructose bisphosphate aldolase) from the crucifix crab, and Por t 4 (sarcoplasmic Ca-binding protein) from the most heavily fished crab worldwide, the East Asian Gazami crab. The parvalbumin Late m 1 was isolated from the commercially important Asian seabass. Central and South America were represented through the addition of two venom allergens, Apo p 1 and Apo p 5, from the wasp Apoica pallens.

Allergens newly identified in 2024 fill gaps in allergy diagnosis, unravel new allergen families and highlight the changing exposome associated with modified habitats and food globalization.